For Dewey, progressive education prepared children to live in a democratic society by teaching them the importance of participation, first in school and then in life. Idealism is not practical as it does not account for the realities of life. Bertrand Russell explains in his article that the value of philosophy is not in the definite answers, but in the questions and possibilities that it raises. WebOne of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination. Philosophers of education and educational theorists also argue whether critical thinking is relevantly 'neutral" with respect to the groups who use it, or if it is in fact politically or culturally biased. The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism? Are these tests racially discriminatory? It consists of a set of material practices, interpretive that makes the world noticeable. What is it to reason well? Here, a brief history of each outlines philosophy: Post positivism arose out of dissatisfaction with some aspects of the positivist stance. WebUnrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic. Empiricism can be associated with atheism show more content. Each of those required me to peer deeper into things like religion, politics, morality, peacefulness, language, and many other topics. How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? social constructivism alongside post positivism In this discussion the merits and demerits of each philosophy, are given along side the research strategies associated with each as well as the rationale for adapting social constructivism. Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and argue the answers to the questions they are seeking the truth for. Can reason itself be neutral, or must we always understand it in context? Multiculturalist philosophers stress the importance of diversity in education and educational theory. Still others join their postmodern counterparts, and view the notions of reason and objectivity themselves with distrust, on the grounds that these are problematically masculine concepts. WebThere are a number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the subject. I can use factual evidence that I had previously learned to debunk or rebuttal somebodys argument against me, or I can use personal experience that I have interpreted through my use of philosophy to reject something false or wrong that somebody may use toward me. What justifies the demands that teachers place on students? Everything I have discussed previously is just the tip of the, Philosophy was an activity that people would seek to understand the fundamentals of truth, relationships with others and themselves. Critical responses to these challenges have been many and varied; one of the most notable consists of pointing out the apparent inconsistency involved in claiming that, as a general matter, general accounts of education, justice, and the like are impossible. This also means significant changes in terms of the work program, teacher education, method of work and the manner of assessment of achieved results. Followed by a discussion on the preferred philosophy which will be adopted for the research project, i.e. Also, has the intent to reduce the ideas into small, which discrete a set of ideas to test, such as the variables that comprise hypotheses and research questions. Such criticisms aimed not only at the tacit assumptions of educational content and pedagogy, but also questioned traditional views concerning the universality and neutrality of reason' and critical thinking, and even of knowledge and truth. Challenges to Qualitative Research, while the project will utilise qualitative research as informed by social constructivism, its notable that it is by nature demanding and time consuming. Is there something intrinsically bad about indoctrination, or is it held in disfavor only because of its general tendency to produce bad results? ), psychology (e.g., do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups? Positivism and post positivism serve as the primary foundation and anchor for quantitative research. The characteristics of a good philosopher are someone who possesses the qualities to use their habits of mind and be able to think on a higher level than most do. Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the test, to students' detriment? Treating the content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit of rational support or that is to be believed independently of such support. are all relevant matters. What justifies the state in compelling children to attend school? This explains that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, interpret phenomena and attempting to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005: 3). But if we are to take such accounts seriously, we must also consider whether or not indoctrination can be avoidedand if it cannot, whether we should be so quick to eschew it. He says that the more we practice philosophy the more we begin to question everyday things in our life, and we come to find that the answers are only bigger questions. They argue that curriculum and pedagogy often reflect the interests of the dominant cultural group at the expense of others, and argue that the languages, customs, beliefs, and values of other worldviews deserve a place of equal respect in the classroom. In this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels leadership styles within a given context in detail. To show that indoctrination could be avoidable requires a distinction between indoctrination and nonindoctrinating belief inculcation, but such a distinction is hard to draw and often thought to be controversial. However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. Relatedly, many feminist philosophers of education have questioned the focus traditional approaches to the philosophy of education place on those skills that are exercised in the public domainskills such as reason, objectivity, and impartiality. It analyzes the goals, problems, and aims of education. About a decade after graduating, I ran into one of my old lecturers. He had been a Polish refugee during the war, and had studied at the Jagielloni However, it is essential to be mindful of the potential drawbacks when considering its It promotes lifelong learning and an education system that is constantly evolving. Following is a partial list, with references for further reading. The constructivist position espouses a hermeneutical approach, which maintains that meaning is hidden and must be brought to the surface through deep reflection (see Schwandt, 2000; Sciarra, 1999). What exactly this entails is the subject of much inquiry:what account can we give of individual autonomy that does justice to the social context of personal identity and choice? With philosophy, we can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things. Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. WebIntroduction. All such proposed aims require careful articulation and defense, and all have been subjected to sustained criticism. Not only do I find this to be the major benefit of philosophy in my life, but in the lives of every cognizant being. This is all thanks to how philosophy has given me my own intellectual advantage, while I may not win every argument, I can take what I have learned and use it to my advantage in many areas. The college entrance exam or a payable job will not be the only future life. 1. You feel that there's no point in anything. Everything is correct and wrong at the same time 2. You get perspectives. But you will not be in a p WebFor example, philosophy can prove to be a disadvantage to one person when they are forced to think about new ideas, meanwhile it can be highly beneficial to the person that It is how the laws are made and it is the model used to determine what is considered acceptable behavior or morally right and wrong. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Religion is connected to government in every culture across the globe. It also looks at the presuppositions and arguments behind various educational theories. What is it exactly to think critically, and why should educators hold it in such high esteem? A more general aim is to focus less on the cognitive development of students, and to instead emphasize the importance of traditionally overlooked talents, such as emotional intelligence and intuition. These accounts generally agree that critical thinkers share at least the following two characteristics: Beyond this basic agreement lie a host of contentious issues. Should educators aim to instill particular moral beliefs and values in students, or should they try to enhance students' ability to think through moral issues on their own? ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? Inspirational work of J. Dewey What justifies the state in compelling children to attend school? Religious leaders act as an example to the members of the community. Whereas, constructivists hold that reality is constructed in the mind of the individual, rather than it being an externally singular entity (Hansen, 2004). ), philosophy of science (e.g.,what, if anything, marks the boundary between genuine scientific theory and theories such as intelligent design? The world we live in today has been shaped by the beliefs systems that were used to govern, growing societies. In philosophy, you should question everything and never take anything for face value. Feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern criticisms. *You can also browse our support articles here >. While solely religion can effect somebodys personal beliefs in what is right and wrong, often times it is only philosophy that can truly define why somebody believes something is right and wrong. While these issues largely involve questions in ethics and political philosophy, they are also informed by other philosophical concerns. Despite some important differences between the positivist and post positivist paradigms, the two perspectives share much in common (Lincoln & Guba, 2000; Ponterotto, 2002). Plato speaks through Socrates in the book, and Socrates gets involved in many challenging debates and philosophical conversations with people along his journeys, allowing him to strengthen his habits of mind. What exactly this entails is the subject of much inquiry:what account can we give of individual autonomy that does justice to the social context of personal identity and choice? By applying Social Constructivism, the project therefore positions the acknowledgement of how the interpretation of data flows from historical experiences, personal and cultural (Creswell 2009). There is an emphasis on individuality, but this may be detrimental to society as a whole. ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) They were called this because they were in a time period before Socrates was born. Many aims have been proposed by philosophers and other educational theorists; they include the cultivation of curiosity and the disposition to inquire; the fostering of creativity; the production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students; the enhancement of understanding; the promotion of moral thinking, feeling, and action; the enlargement of the imagination; the fostering of growth, development, and self-realization; the fulfillment of potential; the cultivation of liberally educated persons; the overcoming of provincialism and close-mindedness; the development of sound judgment; the cultivation of docility and obedience to authority; the fostering of autonomy; the maximization of freedom, happiness, or self-esteem; the development of care, concern, and related attitudes and dispositions; the fostering of feelings of community, social solidarity, citizenship, and civic-mindedness; the production of good citizens; the civilizing of students; the protection of students from the deleterious effects of civilization; the development of piety, religious faith, and spiritual fulfillment; the fostering of ideological purity; the cultivation of political awareness and action; the integration or balancing of the needs and interests of the individual student and the larger society; and the fostering of skills and dispositions constitutive of rationality or critical thinking. Locating indoctrination in the aims of the educatorintending to bring students to adopt beliefs independently of the evidential support those beliefs may have; Overview The whole purpose of an education is to allow Following is a partial list, It was born out of the Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? It is anticipated that by applying social constructivism to this research, if the context will form the explanation of data. Russell hints that philosophy can help you see things in a different light, in a sense taking off the rose colored glasses and seeing the world for what it is. In addition to the issues noted above post positivism and its research strategies would not be appropriate for the research project because post-positivist assumptions hold true more for quantitative research than qualitative research which is called sometimes the scientific method (Creswell 2009). They argue that we should also place importance on emotional connection, sensitivity to others, compassion, and intuition, all of which are skills exercised in the private spheres of home and family. Is the public school system rightly entitled to the power it exercises in establishing curricula that parents might find objectionableas with the teaching of biological evolution instead of intelligent design, or the teaching of literature with themes parents find unsuitable? WebHere, a brief history of each outlines philosophy: Post positivism arose out of dissatisfaction with some aspects of the positivist stance. Should parents or their children have the right to opt out of such material? Plato quoted-Good actions give strength to ourselves and in spire good actions in others; one good deed spreads like wild flowers. Should parents or their children have the right to opt out of such material? Core Questions Is the public school system rightly entitled to the power it exercises in establishing curricula that parents might find objectionablee.g., science curricula that mandate the teaching of human evolution but not creationism or intelligent design and literature curricula that mandate the teaching of novels dealing with sexual themes? Few choices are made empirically. It starts by giving a brief account of each. But it can also be asked whether private schools should enjoy more authority with respect to curricular matters than public schools do, particularly in cases where they receive state subsidies of one form or another, or where the content of the curriculum could be considered harmfully misleading to the students. These practices turn the world into a series of representations including photographs, field notes, and interviews, to the self. 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