(Each had several editions; Ive only included the relevant ones for clarity). The authorities of the convent allowed me to possess myself of a third of these parchments, or about forty-three sheets, all the more readily as they were destined for the fire. The fact of the matter is that the Critical Text of Westcott-Hort differs from the TR, mostly by deletions, in 9,970 words out of 140,521, giving a total of 7% difference. Also, do you have another source for what the second quote states? If you will first answer my questions, I will be happy to answer yours. Therefore, it wouldnt be hard to skip some intervening letters to drop a word. Scarcely had he entered the room, when, resuming our former subject of conversation, he said: And I, too, have read a Septuaginti.e. (Like the Johannine Comma, which the Majority text doesnt include). Many claim it was found in the trash while other claim it was carefully preserved by monks. Erasmus also lacked a complete copy of the Book of Revelation and translated the last six verses back into Greek from the Latin Vulgate to finish his edition. Its just about the only translation that renders it properly as sons of Israel instead of children/people of Israel in the OT. Because these manuscripts are so foundational to modern Critical Text, they bear a closer look. Thus, they say there were Byzantine Text type manuscripts elsewhere, but they didnt survive because the climate wasnt as suitable for preservation. It seems obvious that the entire thing wasnt going to be burned. You are arguing from the side opposite of Gods promise to preserve His Word, and Im sure that you will never win. There are only two reasons for this: (1) its nearly complete, (2) the older is better mantra. EDIT: I finally got around to writing an article on the topic, which you can read here: Does 1 Corinthians 11 Require Women To Wear Head Coverings. These two documents are rather flawed, especially Sinaiticus. I do not believe you can possibly come to the correct conclusion from this viewpoint, no matter how long you study, how much evidence you look at, or how scholarly you may be. Theres a window in our bedroom she couldve climbed out of. The Majority Text is merely a statistical fact. So whos to say that my wife isnt running around town in her Pajamas? Looking forward to reading more of your articles. We can broadly class all Textual Variants into two classes. . (by extension) a region, or the solid part or the whole of the earthly globe (including the occupants in each application). The article was excellent and I appreciate the effort you put into compiling the information. This is a wonderful article and I enjoyed reading it as much as anything Ive read in the last year or so. Those three are probably the most well-known, but there are many more. Its not as simple as simply counting noses as its critics say. 6 The words of the LORD are pure words; There are three major competing Greek sources to use for translating the New Testament: the Critical Text, the Majority Text, and the Textus Receptus. However, that doesnt mean it was a good thing. They are saved by Jesus Christ who washes away sin from them through their Baptism, and gives them eternal life. (Again, in that less than 1% where it matters) Notice they only tend to. Not only do Homers works have more manuscript evidence available than any other piece of classical literature (though far less than that available for the NT), but Homer also is represented by MSS from a wide chronological and geographical range, from the early papyri through the uncials and Byzantine-era minuscules. You could translate it will by no means be voided from the law. I mean, how arbitrary can you get? Get up into the high mountain; It goes into just as much depth as this article, and even includes short reviews on the most popular Bible translations at the end.). Textus Receptus 191 Variations in Scrivener's 1881 Greek New Testament from Beza's 1598 Textus Receptus Books Many Scanned Agros Church Matthew 1:1 Unicorn The Westcott and Hort Only Controversy New King James Version List of Omitted Bible Verses List of Bible verses not included in the ESV Pure Cambridge Edition Ephesians 3:9 So the Textus Receptus is definitely a Byzantine text, but far from a purely Byzantine text. He promised us that He would preserve even the very words. Despite this weakness, in this authors humble opinion its more likely to have the closest readings to the original in a majority of places. The first is the successive discoveries of manuscripts at Qumran by the Dead Sea since 1947. This makes it sound like women should not be under male authority, instead of saying they are morally obligated to be under male authority because of why they were created. Co-chairs. 18. How does this article fold in with the Best Bible Version article? Terrific article. I currently bounce back and forth between the nkjv and the nasb 95. One scholar said of the Western text type: Words and even clauses are changed, omitted, and inserted with surprising freedom, wherever it seemed that the meaning could be brought out with greater force and definiteness. Unsurprisingly, they arent given too much weight because of this freeness. However, well only concentrate on the two most influential. However, the antiquity of these manuscripts is no indication of reliability because a prominent church father in Alexandria testified that manuscripts were already corrupt by the third century. (Please read John 15:5, 7, I Pet.1:23, 2 Pet.1:4, John 6:63) The mistake you have made in seeking to divorce the Living Word from the Written Word in the work of salvation is a grave error. 2 For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. I really enjoyed reading your thorough treatment above; Because theres not a Snapp Eclectic Greek NT and a related English translation of the SEGNT, Im less sure what it means in practical terms of buying a Bible and which actual Bible your analysis would lead you to pick off the shelf? The first manuscripts were copied onto either papyrus (ancient paper) or parchment (animal skins). In the end, the entire Confessional Position can be boiled down to a single question: This is the issue for the Confessional Position. Also study the practice of the Muslims in burning countless Bibles as they advanced. One reason could be that something is always lost in translation. Besides the obvious problem with saying that God must do something, theres no basis for that assertion besides a few man-made creeds. . Are you aware that that is a myth, or at least that that assertion has been shown of many to be false? I dont have a link, but might add one. There is a big debate over which line of manuscripts the Apostles used. The critical te. However, it is also important to consider the nature of those differences. The translations into other languages are called versions, and Dan Wallace said this: Second, the extant versional manuscripts are virtually triple the extant Greek manuscripts in number (i.e., there are about 15,000 versional manuscripts). I am calling it a KJV-PT. If you assume the mistakes are fairly randomly distributed, the Majority holds up quite well. For example take John 11:38 Jesus wept. If 25 manuscripts contain Jesus was upset, 30 said Jesus was filled with compassion, and 50 said Jesus wept, because the majority say Jesus wept, that will be in the WEB. Bengel himself was a conscientious scholar, though prone to fits of erratic exegesis, like his prediction, based on an idiosyncratic interpretation of chronological statements in the Book of Revelation, that Christ would return on 18th June 1836! The mistakes which the original transcriber made are of perpetual recurrence, there is no prominent Biblical MS. in which there occur suchgross cases of misspelling,faulty grammar, andomission, as in B [Vaticanus], while the scribe of Codex Vaticanus is certainly not the, his execution leaves something to be desired. Other translations render this correctly, and well add verse 5 for some context. According to Textus Receptus Bibles (.com), there are no less than 27 different versions of the Textus Receptus! Westcott & Hort believed that any place where those two manuscripts agreed: should be accepted as the true readings until strong internal evidence is found to the contrary,. You will stand and give account for spreading the lies that you and these so-called scholars have preached as the truth. He will gather the lambs with His arm, Certainly, the Word of God (Jesus, as in John 1:1) will live and endure forever. They believe that over time good manuscripts will push out bad manuscripts. In the 480-page edition of the Trinitarian Bible Society Textus Receptus this would amount to almost 34 pages, the equivalent of the final two books of the New Testament, Jude and Revelation (Thomas Strouse, Review of From the Mind of God to the Mind of Man, November 2000). The Tetragrammaton (over 6,800 times in the OT) will be rendered as Yahweh. Theres a great book I recommend if you are interested in learning more. Im really glad you enjoyed the article. So what we have are copies of copies of the original (sometimes many generations of copying deep). Thank for the kind words, and Im so glad you enjoyed the article. This aspect of Gods preservation of Scripture is just as crucial as the first. NASB95 and NKJV are the two translations that I recommend, see my article on Bible translations for more detailed info on why. Ive probably researched it over the years far more than most average lay folks, but its not something I can keep top of mind all the time. The WEBs over her own head makes it sound like the woman must listen to no one but herself because she is under her own authority. Now the just shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him. 25 But the Word of the Lord (Jesus again) endures forever.. We must receive the Gospel message under the gracious influence of the Holy Spirit which brings the faith that gives Salvation. Does the difference affect doctrine or anything major? Every translation in every language, and every manuscript on which theyre based, differs. It doesnt depend on you or your words. What I am trying to say is that we have had a sure word for five hundred years. The definitions and theories were laid out very distinctly and well sourced. It is accepted as being the closest text to that used for the English King James translation in 1611. These types of Textual Variants make up ~24% of all Textual Variants. The words do matter; please see my article on Bible translation for powerful evidence of that. These two passages go together because 1 Peter 1:24-25 is quoting Isaiah 40:8. However, the New Covenant superseded the Old, and at that point, the Old passed away or was rendered void Just like Jesus said. (Side note: Ive spent some time in the marketing world in my life. EDIT: I finally got around to writing an article on the topic, which you can read here. Lachmann went further than Bekker, showing how, by comparison of manuscripts, it is possible to draw inferences as to their lost ancestors or archetypes . It certainly seems like the kind of thing that could happen, but Id need to see more evidence (quotes from the source documents perhaps) or other sources. Criticism of the text must always begin from the evidence of the manuscript tradition and only afterward turn to a consideration of internal criteria. I think you are grossly mistaken about the WEBs translation of 1 Cor 11:10. They would say they are incomplete and/or corrupted, so why use them? Seems to me like the evolutionists who take a few bones they find and build a whole monkey-man out of them, claiming they disproved creation. However, the originals were copied many, many times. The Alexandrian text type is slightly shorter than the Byzantine text type. Could this have been mis-transcribed from the end of chapter 19: Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts. Not perfect by any stretch and it definitely has mistakes, but very good overall. Robinson-Pierpont said in their introduction to their Greek New Testament Of the over 5000 total continuous-text and lectionary manuscripts, 90% or more contain a basically Byzantine Text form. That covers the early manuscripts, but what about the later ones? The Scriptures were not corrupted before Christs time, for then Christ would not have sent the Jews to them. After reading this one article, youll know more about these topics than the overwhelming vast majority of Christians. 20 He indeed was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you. He remembered the Vision in the Chapel of Voices, and the many times when that Vision had gleamed before him since, ever to sustain and cheer, even with the promise of the goal. truthas a body of ethical or religious knowledge, 1516 (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne), 1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne), 1550 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd Editio Regia. This is also the text that agrees with more than 95% of the Bible Manuscripts in Koine (common) Greek. Thank you. However, this will hopefully provide a better background for you when making your own decisions about source texts. You must log in or register to reply here. From that point forward, the Roman Catholic Church preferred to keep their manuscript tradition in Latin rather than Greek. The practice of Textual Criticism is not criticizing the Bible, its trying to recover the Bibles original text. It may even be knowable which manuscript, but I personally dont know. It also leads to a complete embrace of the Textus Receptus, minority-readings and all. I would give the translations somewhat less weight than Greek texts, but not discard them entirely. Those are the Westcott & Hort rules, and the Aland/Aland Rules. Are you aware that the Received Text (Textus Receptus) is essentially a 16th century Critical Text? Neither survives through the ages well. Its definitely a step in the right direction. Hmmm, .maybe thats what He intended. This should warn us to beware of novel theories broached by Bengel and to examine with more than normal diligence statements made by him in support of such theories. Its titled: In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture by Alister McGrath. A Bible which was delivered to us inspired, and then was allowed to leaven with the accumulated errors of thousands of years, would hardly point to an all-powerful, all-wise Creator. However, this can be easily disproved using common sense and touch of data. You have to trust that scribes did indeed copy the best manuscripts. (Majority Text advocates will say this is the most likely scenario.). Thats from the 4th century to the ~15th century; a period of 1,100 years (over a millennia) with virtually no change. Majority Text vs. Critical Text vs. Textus Receptus - Textual Criticism 101 Berean Patriot March 18, 2020 Faith Articles, Textual Criticism 41 Comments There are three major competing Greek sources to use for translating the New Testament: the Critical Text, the Majority Text, and the Textus Receptus. The grass withers, The Bible is clear about the Doctrine of Preservation. They range in date from those made by the original scribes in the fourth century to ones made in the twelfth century. Im more than happy to discuss the story, but please comment on that article to keep things on topic (as Ive already requested). It doesnt mean that there arent battles that have to be fought and frauds to be exposed. The is no Greek or Hebrew text upon which the the original KJV translators based their text. They knew clearly which ones were the true Words of God. Metzger translated these words as, Fool and knave, cant you leave the old reading alone, and not alter it! Another rendering: Untrained troublemaker, forgive the ancient [reading]; do not convert it. He re-wrote , erasing most of the correctors . Further, you note, correctly of course, that the Bible doesnt save anyoneChrist and His work provide salvationyou, in exhaustion I hope and not in dishonesy, fail to deal with the fact that this offer of salvation is conveyed to us by Gods words or not at all. For example, they it omit the Johanine comma and include the Pericope Adulterae. I like the textual basis of the TR slightly better, but prefer the NASB95s features and especially its treatment of gender. Im planning to get an LSB when it comes out, and I too am looking forward to it. I could certainly see a case for making them the representative of the Byzantine textform, or even a starting place for a base text. The Ecclesiastical Text has a few nuances of meaning depending on which circles you run in, so which specific manuscript are you referring to? If you believe man can determine the mind of God by trying their best to reconstruct the original text, then you believe God has failed us. For example, around AD 300, Diocletian burned thousands of Bibles. Praying in Tongues, Speaking in Tongues, & Glossolalia: Dont Miss the Point, Yes, The Bible CLEARLY Says Sex Outside of Marriage is Wrong, Pastors, Elders, Church Authority and REAL Leadership, Does 1 Corinthians 11 Require Women To Wear Head Coverings, http://www.katapi.org.uk/NEB/NT-Introduction-1970.pdf, https://www.christianhospitality.org/wp/bible-fraud7/, http://www.westernrecorder.org/825.article, https://confessionalbibliology.com/2016/06/08/erasmian-myths-revelation-back-translated-from-the-vulgate/, http://www.jesusisprecious.org/bible/nkjv/alexandrian_corrupt_source.htm, A Complete, 100% English Introduction to Koine Greek (with Examples in English), List of Pro-Trinity/Deity of Christ Bible Passages. By Bakershalfdozen July 14, 2008 in The Bible (KJV) Share More sharing options. Thank you. If you do, the Majority Text would look radically different than the mostly pure Byzantine Majority Text that currently comprises the Majority Text. So the Majority Text changes very significantly when you include just the other versional manuscripts. There one can observe that between NA25 and NA27, there were 397 changes in the Gospels, 119 in Acts, 149 in the Pauline Epistles, 46 in the General Epistles, and 29 in Revelation, internal evidence is found to the contrary,, No readings of B can safely be rejected absolutely, In fact, when you see a Bible footnote that says the earliest and best manuscripts, they are almost universally talking about these two manuscripts, and, It bears traces of careless transcription in every page. The earliest Septuagint manuscripts are from the 2nd century BC. Confirms what I had already come to believe, but with a lot of supporting information. 12 I will praise Thee, O Lord my God, with all my heart: and I will glorify Thy name for evermore. (as shown in the article) Further, which Textus Receptus should we use? If you pick up any popular Bible (except the KJV and NKJV) its almost certainly translated primarily from the Alexandrian text type. Do you have a source for the first one? 4. Theres good evidence that he had more manuscripts to choose from, but decided to use only those 7 (presumably because they were of the best quality, but we dont know for sure). The too lively satisfaction which I had displayed had aroused their suspicions as to the value of this manuscript. Further, lets tip this against the Majority Text. Semler took up Bengels initiatives in the text-critical field, and Griesbach followed on from Semler. The other six occurrences in 1 Corinthians, including verse 10, all refer to the head as the body part that rests on the shoulders. He lived in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 7. (As shown in the article), And by the way, I do have a high opinion of the TR and prefer it to the Critical text in many ways. You do not understand the context of Hebrews 4:12 at all. The Western text type is different from the other textual families mostly because of its love of paraphrase. Im still waiting for you to answer my first question. The two words textum and receptum were changed from the Latin accusative case (direct object) to the Latin nominative case (subject) to render it Textus Receptus. Regardless of the third quotation they bring up, why is it ridiculous if thats what Erasmus explicitly stated he did, and included this statement in his annotations, and gave the reason why he included it in his annotations? Any form of eclecticism which accepts this principle will hardly succeed in establishing the original text of the New Testament; it will only confirm the view of the text which it presupposes. Now this is the Word (Jesus yet again) which by the gospel was preached to you. It would likely end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid. You mightve even made this error yourself, just not on New Testament manuscripts. Could it be that the vision was but a vision, and the glory of the Face but a reflection of the ardent hopes of youth? Combined with the ones that arent meaningful, you have over 99% of all Textual Variants make no impact on meaning whatsoever. Behold, His reward is with Him, According toHerman C. Hoskier, there are, without counting errors ofiotacism, 3,036 textual variations between Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in the text of the Gospels alone, Assuming that the same ratio of variants persists in the rest of the New Testament and doing the math, thats ~3434 additional variants, for a total of ~6470 variants between them. These are Textual Variants which have no effect on anything. Its over 90% intact/complete, which is incredible for a manuscript of its age. Which single document/manuscript is perfectly preserved? Now just taking this verse by itself, its easy to see the Doctrine of Preservation. However, the word Ive highlighted in red isnt plural (them); its singular (him). Internal criteria (the context of the passage, its style and vocabulary, the theological environment of the author, etc.) Daniel B. Wallace says, Revelation was copied less often than any other book of the NT, and yet Irenaeus admits that it was already corrupted within just a few decades of the writing of the Apocalypse, Theres an argument to be made that the Alexandrian Text type was corrupted very early. Try shaping your theology to the words of God, instead of what you are now doing, and I believe you will get a better understanding of just Who our Lord is and His power to save, even whores and people like you and me. I had no idea till the last few weeks of the importance of text, having read so little Greek Testament, and dragged on with the villainous Textus Receptus Think of the vile Textus Receptus leaning entirely on late MSS; it is a blessing there are such early ones. Fenton Hort. Persecution under Maximinus the Thracian (235-38). 2. dolos (127 times in the NT) will be consistently rendered as slave. So of course the NKJV has differences with the KJV in the underlying text since no one knows exactly what the KJV translators used. These findings include but arent limited to Papyrus from the 200s and 300s. I want to save you the embarrassment of standing before God having led others astray. It certainly doesnt seem like you take this very seriously. The Bibles authority is only as great as our confidence in its reliability. Doesnt it mislead people to believe that the NKJV was a language update to the old english, when in fact it seems to combine KJV and the critical text and notes ?? A vast number of early manuscripts were destroyed in the early persecutions of the Church. For our purposes here, the term textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the Greek New Testament published by Robertus Stephanus. The Textus Receptus is a 16th century Greek New Testament on which the King James Bible is based (in the New Testament). By evidence, I mean quotations from the early church fathers and looking at the versional manuscripts (translations). 2. (An excellent article BTW, though a bit technical.). Codex Vaticanus (B) is an excellent example of the Alexandrian Text type, and many scholars think its the most important Greek manuscript we have (again, because its the oldest.) Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts. 11 He will feed His flock like a shepherd; Fool and knave, cant you leave the old reading alone, and not alter it! In English the indefinite article a gets an n added when the next word starts with a vowel.
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